Glossary

Term	Definition
AB 1059	Teacher candidates are required to demonstrate knowledge and skills in teaching students who are English learners. AB 1059 (Stats. 1999, Chap. 711) divided this requirement into two parts: a foundational level completed to earn the preliminary multiple or single subject credential, and an advanced level to be completed for the clear credential. In addition, candidates for a clear Ryan Multiple or Single Subject Teaching Credential after July 1, 2005 must hold an English learner authorization, CLAD/BCLAD Emphasis/Certificate, an AB 1059 English learner authorization, an SB 395 or SB 1969 Certificate of Completion, or the equivalent.
AB 1620 (Scott)	This assembly bill established an alternate route in 1998 for out-of-state trained applicants to obtain a Multiple Subject, Single Subject, or Education Specialist Instruction Credential based on out-of-state programs and experience. This route became obsolete with the passage of AB 877 in October 2000. Holders of credentials issued under this statute may convert to the AB 877 route.
AB 838 (Pacheco)	This assembly bill established an alternative route in 1997 for out-of-state trained applicants to obtain a Multiple Subject, Single Subject, or Education Specialist Instruction Credential. This route became obsolete in October 2000 with the passage of AB 877. Holders of credentials issued under this statute may convert to the AB 877 route.
AB 858 (Davis)	AB 858 established an alternative route in 1998 for out-of-state trained applicants who are National Board Certified to obtain a Multiple Subject, Single Subject or Education Specialist Instruction Teaching Credential.
AB 877 (Scott)	AB 877 restructured credential options in 2000 for out-of-state prepared applicants to obtain a Multiple Subject, Single Subject, or Education Specialist Instruction Teaching Credential or an Administrative Services Credentials based on out-of-state programs and experience. Requirements for out-of-state prepared applicants were revised again under SB 1209, effective January 1, 2007.
Academic Subjects	The following are academic subjects that may be listed on a Designated Subjects Adult Education Teaching Credential. Studies that are liberal, classical and/or related to high school graduation requirements, rather than technical or vocational, including, but not limited to the subject contained within the following categories: Elementary and Secondary Basic Skills English English as a Second Language Fine Arts A Language Other then English (specify) Mathematics Science Social Science Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80034 Refer to credential leaflet: CL-697B
Accredited Institution	An accredited institution is a college or university that has been deemed to meet the standards of one of the regional accrediting bodies such as WASC (Western Association of Schools and Colleges).
Activity Supervisor Clearance Certificate (ASCC)	The Activity Supervisor Clearance Certificate (ASCC) is issued to non-certificated individuals who complete fingerprint clearance through a criminal background check completed by the California Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to work with pupils in a student activity program sponsored by a school district or county office of education.
Adding an Authorization to an Existing Credential (Title 5 §80499)	A process that allows holders of general education teaching credentials that require a bachelor's degree and teacher preparation including student teaching to obtain an additional multiple or single subject credential or authorization without completing a full professional preparation program for that credential. Does not apply to special education credentials. See Credential Leaflets CL-621 and CL-621A.
Administrative Services Credential	Administrative Services Credentials authorize the holder to provide the following school services in grades 12 and below, including preschool, and in classes organized primarily for adults: Develop, coordinate, and assess instructional programs Evaluate certificated and classified personnel Provide students' discipline Provide certificated and classified employees discipline Supervise certificated and classified personnel Manage school site, district, or county-level fiscal services Recruit, employ, and assign certificated and classified personnel Develop, coordinate, and supervise student support services
Adult Education	An adult education classroom is part of a public education program for adults 18 and older. However, there are several sections of the Education Code that allow individuals under the age of 18 years to attend classes for adults. These may be authorized by an Adult Education teaching credential or a Single Subject teaching credential. Education Code, §52500, 52500.1, 52523 Refer to credential leaflet: CL-697B
Advanced Computer Education	Candidates for a professional clear multiple and/or single subject teaching credential must demonstrate the ability to plan and implement classroom instruction using advanced educational technology to support teaching and learning.
Advanced Study Courses	These are courses required to earn the Clear Multiple or Single Subject Teaching Credential for candidates who have completed an SB 2042 program. If completing a fifth year of study, this is course work approved by the Commission and completed at a college or university. If completing Induction, the advanced study course work will be included in that program Advanced study course work is in the areas of health education, special populations, computer technology, and teaching English learners.
Advanced Teaching English Learners	All MS and SS teachers must demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary to teach English learners. Advanced teaching of English Learners requires teachers to demonstrate advanced levels of skills, including planning, instruction, and assessment, in assisting English learners to succeed in the state's adopted K-12 student academic content standards and performance levels. Assembly Bill 1059 (Ducheny) added this requirement as of June 30, 2005.
Agenda Item	Presentations to the Commissioners made at their established meetings that provide them with information or request that they take action on specific areas of interest.
Appeals	Commission Appeals: Title 5, California Code of Regulations, Sections 80509(a) and 80523.1 allow an applicant to appeal to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing for the purpose of finding "equivalency" of an individual's full-time teaching experience in lieu of the student teaching component or teacher preparation program. See credential leaflets CL-760GE and CL-760SM for more information. Staff Appeals: This is a process that allows Commission staff to grant an extension or reissue a credential or permit when an applicant verifies good cause for not completing renewal requirements. See credential leaflet AL-3 for more information.
Application Form 41-4	The application used to request the initial issuance, renewal or reissuance of a credential, permit, or certificate issued by the Commission.
Application Packet	The materials needed for an application packet will vary depending on the type of document being applied for. However, in addition to what is required for the specific document, every application packet will require the following: Application Form 41-4 All paper application packets submitted through the mail must include this form but it is not required for those submitted online. The Application Form 41-4 is needed for all types of mailed credential applications except for employer-submitted Waivers. If any of the questions in the Professional Fitness Questions section are answered with "yes," the applicant must complete the Professional Fitness Explanation Form and provide all requested documentation. Fee Information about application processing fees can be found on Fee Schedule Information. For the majority of situations, the processing fee is $100 via check (made out to "CTC") or money order. Application processing fees are separate from and in addition to any fees associated with fingerprinting. Fingerprint Clearance If you already have valid fingerprints on file with the Commission, it is not necessary to fingerprint each time you apply for a credential or permit. Otherwise: California residents will need to complete a Live Scan with 41-LS form. Out-of-state residents (with out-of-state addresses) must submit two fingerprint cards (FD-258) in lieu of a 41-LS. If submitting FD-258, a current fingerprint processing fee must accompany the application packet. FD-258 may be requested via the Fingerprint Card Request Form.
Assessor Agency	An assessor agency may be a local school district, county office of education, or other agency approved by the Commission to assess the qualifications of individuals for credentials.
Assignment Monitoring	The process by which Monitoring Authorities review the assignments of certificated educators in California public and charter schools, and determine whether they are appropriately assigned. Education Code, §44258.9
Authorizations	The authorization(s) listed on a credential, certificate, permit, or waiver describe the authority of an individual to serve in a particular subject or subject area(s), and in a setting and at a grade level also listed on the document. The authorization statement provides the specifics for the authorization.
Basic Teaching Credential	As defined in Education Code Section 44203, a teaching credential requires a baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited college or university and completion of a professional preparation program or a clear full-time Designated Subjects Credential if the individual holds a baccalaureate degree and has passed CBEST. Basic teaching credentials include Multiple Subject, Single Subject, Education Specialist credentials and Designated Subjects Credentials as defined above.
Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment (BTSA)	BTSA is the acronym for the California Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment Program. BTSA is a state-funded program designed to support the induction and professional development of beginning teachers and satisfy the requirements for the Clear Credential. See also Induction.
Bilingual Authorization	An authorization to provide specialized instruction to individuals for whom English is a second language. Specifically it authorizes instruction for 1) English Language Development (ELD) in preschool, K-12, and adults (restrictions apply to holders of Children's Center Permits, Child Development Permits, and Designated Subjects Teaching Credentials), 2) Specially Designed Academic Instruction Delivered in English (SDAIE) in the subjects and grade levels authorized by the prerequisite credential or permit, and 3) instruction for primary language development and content instruction delivered in the primary language in the subjects and grade levels authorized by the prerequisite credential or permit. May be issued based on completion of course work or examination or a combination of the two. Formerly issued as standalone BCLAD Certificate or BCLAD emphasis added to multiple or single subject credentials. See leaflet CL-628B for more information.
Bilingual Instruction	Instruction provided in both English and the EL student’s primary language, clarifying and facilitating comprehension of content subject matter.
Blended Program of Teacher Preparation	A blended program of professional teacher preparation combines subject matter preparation and pedagogical preparation within a carefully-planned and concurrent sequence of coursework and fieldwork in accordance with the SB 2042 program standards. A candidate who completes an accredited blended program has met the subject-matter requirement and the professional preparation requirements for a preliminary teaching credential.
Board of Institutional Reviewers (BIR)	A pool of trained reviewers consisting of California college and university faculty members and administrators, elementary and secondary school teachers and other certificated professionals, Induction program directors and local school board members, pursuant to Education Code Section 44374(b).
Broad Subject Area	The wide-reaching broad designation of a single subject; which will appear as a Single Subject teaching credential authorization. E.g. Math, Science, English. Specific subjects subsumed under the broad subject area are specified in regulation. Education Code, §44257
California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST)	The CBEST is a standardized written test of basic skills in reading, writing, and mathematics that credential candidates may take and pass to meet the statutory basic skills requirement. It was adopted by California in 1982 and became effective on February 1, 1983.
California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC or Commission)	The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC) is an agency in the Executive Branch of California State Government. It was created in 1970 by the Ryan Act and is the oldest of the autonomous state standards boards in the nation. The major purpose of the agency is to serve as a state standards board for educator preparation for the public schools of California, the licensing and credentialing of professional educators in the State, the enforcement of professional practices of educators, and the discipline of credential holders in the State of California.
California Department of Education (CDE)	The California Department of Education (CDE) is the state agency responsible for: Implementing policy from the State Board of Education (SBE) Providing assistance and information to local education agencies Collecting and analyzing NCLB data
California Formative Assessment and Support System for Teachers (CFASST)	CFASST is a formative assessment and support system for credentialed, first and second year teachers. CFASST was designed by the Interagency BTSA task force and Educational Testing Service and is currently implemented by the majority of Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment programs in California. CFASST formatively measures beginning teacher development at the element level of the California Standards for the Teaching Profession.
California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System (CALPADS)	California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System (CALPADS) is a longitudinal data system within the California Department of Education (CDE) used to maintain individual-level data including student demographics, course data, assessments, staff assignments, and other data for state and federal reporting. CalSAAS compares the CALPADS assignment data reported to CDE with the Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC) credential authorization data. CDE CALPADS Webpage Questions: calpads@cde.ca.gov
California Preliminary Administrative Credential Examination (CPACE)	The California Preliminary Administrative Credential Examination (CPACE) replacedthe School Leaders Licensure Assessment (SLLA) #1010 for satisfying the programrequirement for the preliminary Administrative Services Credential. The initial CPACEadministration was June 16, 2011. A revised CPACE exam began to be administered in July 2015. Score results from the previous version of the CPACE cannot be combined with scores from the revised CPACE for certification purposes.
California Standards for the Teaching Profession (CSTP)	The CSTP represents a set of six standards that are intended to guide teachers as they define and develop their practice.
California State Assignment Accountability System (CalSAAS)	The Commission’s automated assignment monitoring system, intended to streamline data procurement for assignment monitoring between Local Educational Agencies (LEA), Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC) and County Offices of Education (COE). CalSAAS provides LEAs with an opportunity to address and resolve any assignment anomalies identified on an annual basis and provides a communication platform between the COE and LEA. Education Code, §44258.9
California Statewide Educator Identifier (SEID)	The SEID is a unique statewide identification number to be used by education agencies when reporting to the California Department of Education (CDE). The SEID is a 10 digit randomly generated, non-personally identifiable number. Education Code, §44230.5
California Subject Examinations for Teachers (CSET)	The CSET examinations are standardized subject matter examinations required of multiple subject candidates and that may also be taken by single subject candidates to demonstrate the candidate's subject matter competency.
California Teacher of English Learner (CTEL)	The California Teacher of English Learner (CTEL) examination or coursework may be used to obtain an English learner authorization or CLAD Certificate to authorize the holder to provide instruction for 1) English Language Development (ELD) and 2) Specially Designed Academic Instruction Delivered in English (SDAIE) in the subjects and grade levels authorized by the prerequisite credential or permit. The CTEL requirements, whether by coursework or examination, are met separately from the teacher preparation program. The CTEL examination replaced the CLAD examination and comprises three tests that were first offered on December 10, 2006.
Capstone Course	The final year project, seminar, thesis or dissertation course within a Career Technical Education program that serves as the culmination experience of that program.
CardioPulmonary Resusitation (CPR)	Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation that covers infant, child, and adult CPR skills; submit a copy of the CPR card with date the training was completed (front and back, as applicable) for evaluation purposes.
Career Technical Education (CTE)	A CTE classroom setting is one in which the curriculum has been designated as technical, trade, or vocational. CTE courses are part of a program of study that involves a multiyear sequence of courses that integrates core academic knowledge with technical and occupational knowledge, and provides students with a pathway to postsecondary education and careers. CTE is a critical component of a broad and deep school curriculum that helps prepare all students to be career and college ready. The CTE course provides relevance and real world content for academic studies. CTE course content is based on 5o% or more of the content based on the CTE Model Curriculum Standards adopted by the State Board of Education. Education Code, §44260-44260.1
CASE	The Credentialing Automation System Enterprise (CASE) that was implemented as a result of the Teacher Credentialing Improvement Project (TCSIP) in February of 2005 in order to enhance the services available to the Commission’s stakeholders and Commission staff.
Census Date	The census date will serve as a “credential snapshot”, and has been designated as the first Wednesday in October. The CalSAAS system will consider educator assignment and credential data during this time.
CERT News	To better serve its stakeholders, the Certification Division News List is a listserv system created for the Certification Division to provide alerts to the field about issues exclusive to credentialing. To subscribe to the Listserv system, go to http://www.ctc.ca.gov/newsletters/cert-news.html.
Certificate of Clearance	The Certificate of Clearance is a document issued by the Commission to an individual whose moral and professional fitness has been shown to meet the standards as established by law.
Certificate of Eligibility	The Certificate of Eligibility is a document issued to individuals who have completed a program for the Preliminary Administrative Services Credential but are not currently employed in an administrative position. The Certificate of Eligibility allows the holder to seek employment in his/her area of certification. These were issued at one time to individuals who completed California programs for the Level I Education Specialist Credential and were not currently employed but since California program no longer initially issue Level I Education Specialist Credentials, this practice has been discontinued.
Certificated Staff	School employees who require a valid credential/permit to qualify for the position.
Charter School	A public school covering grades K-12 which is organized by a group of teachers, community members, parents, or others and sponsored by an existing local public school board or a county board of education.
Child Development Permit	A permit that authorizes service in the care, development and instruction of children in a child care and development program, (any state licensed center-based child care and development program). A Child Development Permit is designed for individuals working with children ages 5 and below. There are multiple levels within the structure of these permits that authorize different levels of care and instruction for young children, as well as supervision of child care and development programs. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80105 Education Code, §8363 Refer to credential leaflets: CL-797 and CL-723a
Classified Staff	School employees who do not require certification, such as a custodian, cafeteria worker, secretary, bus driver, etc.
Clear Credential	A Clear Credential is a teaching credential with no further academic requirements to be completed. Clear credentials may be renewed with only submission of an application and current processing fees. Clear credential were issued prior to September 1, 1985 when professional growth requirements were added as a prerequisite to credential renewal. With the implementation of Senate Bill 1209, signed by Governor Schwarzenegger September 28, 2006, professional growth requirements are no longer a prerequisite to renewal and the Commission once again began to issue clear credentials.
Coded Correspondence	Coded Correspondence refers to official CTC correspondence distributed through CTC E-News and published on the Commission's website. Coded Correspondence typically notifies the public and interested parties of pending changes or implementation of changes in regulations, policies and procedures.
College or University Intern Program	An intern program operated by a college or university. See Intern Program and District Intern Program
Commission Appeal --See Appeals	See: Appeals
Commission-Approved Program of Personalized Preparation	An agency which is authorized to develop, submit and implement a program for designated subjects adult education teaching credentials. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80034
Committee on Accreditation (COA)	The Committee on Accreditation (COA) is a twelve-member standing committee appointed by the Commission that has the responsibility of implementing the Commission's accreditation system including making accreditation decisions.
Committee on Credentials (COC)	The Committee on Credentials is a statutory body of seven volunteer members who assist the Commission in monitoring the moral fitness and professional conduct of credential applicants and holders.
Common Core	A set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy in grades K-12. The Common Core State Standards may also be referred to as CCSS. Refer Questions to CDE Common Core Team: commoncoreteam@cde.ca.gov
Common Standards	The Common Standards relate to aspects of educator preparation program quality that are the same for all programs. This category includes standards regarding the overall leadership and climate for educator preparation at an institution, as well as standards pertaining to quality features that are common to all programs such as resources, coordination, admissions and advisement. An institution responds to each Common Standard by providing pertinent information, including information about individual programs.
Comparability	Following a study of multiple or single subject teacher preparation programs in other states it was determined by the Commission that there is an equivalency for the purposes of applying for the preliminary multiple and single subject or education specialist credential in specific categories such as subject matter competence, reading, health education, etc.
Completion Date of Program	The date that a candidate completes an approved program (and all appropriate state requirements) is the date that the final approved program requirement is met, as determined by the recommending agency.
Computer Education	Computer Education referred to one or more courses completed by teacher candidates that included instruction in skills incorporating the use of computer technology in the K-12 classroom and curriculum. This was one of the methods courses required for the Preliminary Ryan and/or the Professional Clear Ryan Multiple Subject, Single Subject and Education Specialist Instruction Teaching Credentials.
Core Curriculum	The subject areas of reading, writing, mathematics, history/social science, and science, which serve as the basis for assessing academic achievement in pupils. Education Code, §60605
Core Setting	This classroom setting was created in order to help transition pupils from self-contained to departmentalized classroom settings, and to that end, are offered in grade 5-8. This occurs when two or more subjects are taught to the same group of students by the same teacher in the same day. Education Code, §44258.1
Credential Information Alerts (CIAs)	A means of quickly distributing important credential information to county offices of education and IHEs. Most county offices copy and distribute the CIAs to their school districts. CIAs are distributed electronically through CAWNews. To subscribe to CAWNews, send an email to cawnews-subscribe@lists.ctc.ca.gov with Subscribe CAWNews in the subject line (do not include the quotation marks).
Crosscultural, Language and Academic Development (CLAD)	An authorization to provide specialized instruction to students for whom English is a second language. Specifically, it authorizes instruction for 1) English Language Development (ELD) in preschool, K-12 and adults (with some restrictions) and 2) Specially Designed Academic Instruction Delivered in English (SDAIE) in the subjects and grade levels authorized by the prerequisite credential or permit. The CLAD Certificate may be earned by passing of the CTEL examination (3 subtests) or completion of a Commission apporved CTEL program. See Credential Leaflet CL-628C for details.
Declaration of Need	The Declaration of Need is an annual form submitted to the Commission from employing agencies, county offices of education, school districts and non-public schools. This form contains the estimated number of emergency permit and limited assignment teachers that will be employed for the school year. See leaflet CL-500 for more information.
Departmentalized	A departmentalized classroom setting is one in which an instructor teaches a specific subject matter area to a group of students. The instructor may teach specific content to several different groups of students during multiple classes throughout the day. This is the classroom organization usually found in middle, junior, or high school settings, but may also be found at the elementary level in classes such as art, physical education, science, mathematics, and music. Departmentalized settings are authorized by a Single Subject teaching credential.
Departmentalized ELD	A classroom setting in which an instructor teaches English Language Development to a group of students.
Dependent Credential	A Dependent Credential may only be issued to individuals who already hold another type of credential. Examples of dependent credentials include Administrative Services Credentials and the Reading and Literacy Leadership Specialist Credential.
Designated Subjects	A basic teaching credential that authorizes an individual to teach Adult Education, Career Technical Education, Supervision and Coordination or Special Subjects.
Direct Application	An individual who meets credential requirements may submit a direct application for a credential to the CTC without the formal recommendation of an IHE, LEA, or other agency.
District Intern Credential	A District Intern Credential may be granted to a multiple subject, single subject, or Education Specialist candidate who is in an approved District Intern Program.
District Intern Program	A District Intern Program is a Commission-approved program of professional teacher preparation (Multiple subject, Single Subject or Education Specialist) developed and implemented by a school district or county office of education. The intern is assisted and guided through an approved training period by a certificated employee selected according to specific criteria..
Early Completion Option for Induction (SB 57)	Qualified individual candidates may request an early completion option for their teacher induction program, and if eligible, may complete induction in less than two years. An induction program sponsor must inform all participants of this option for determining whether a candidate is "experienced and exceptional" per the program's established criteria.
Education Code	The California Education Code lists the statutes passed by the State Legislature and signed into law by the Governor.
Education Specialist Instruction Credential	The Education Specialist Instruction Credential authorizes the holder to teach in six areas of specialization: Mild/Moderate Disabilities, Moderate/Severe Disabilities, Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Visual Impairments, Physical and Health Impairments, Language and Academic Development, and Early Childhood Special Education. This credential is a basic credential and does not require a prerequisite general education teaching credential. General education course work and field work are incorporated into the teacher preparation program.
Emergency Permit	Emergency Teaching and Services permits allow qualified individuals who have completed some or most of their credential requirements to be employed while completing the remaining requirements for their prospective credentials. These are designed to 1) fill a vacancy when no suitable, fully-qualified educator can be recruited, and 2) provide a pathway for prospective educators to enter the workforce. Education Code, §44300
Emergency Permit (Long-Term)	A long-term Emergency Permit may be issued at the request of an employing school district, county office of education, charter school, or state agency in order to fill a temporary staffing vacancy or need. The permit is issued for one year only. Emergency permits in the areas of Multiple Subject, Single Subject, and Education Specialist Teaching were not issued after June 30, 2006. Employing agencies are required to have a current Declaration of Need on file with the Commission. Service is restricted to the employing agency requesting the permit. See Credential Leaflets CL-533O in the area of the permit sought for more information.
Eminence Credential	Upon the recommendation of the governing board of a school district, the Commission may issue an Eminence Credential to any person who has achieved eminence in a field of endeavor commonly taught or in a service practiced in the public schools of California. This credential does not require the passage of CBEST. The Eminence Credential authorizes teaching or service in the public schools at the level and in the subject designated on the credential and is restricted to the district that recommends the credential for the first five years.
Emphasis on a Credential	An emphasis is area of specialization within a credential program which may be added to a Multiple or Single Subject Teaching Credential based on completion of a specialized program. Emphasis programs have included CLAD, BCLAD, Early Childhood Education, and Middle School.
Employing Agency	An employing agency is an entity that employs individuals to serve in the schools of California.
Employment Restriction	A candidate's credential may limit the holder to provide services for or teach only in the employing agency listed in the restriction on the credential document.
E-News	E-News is the Commission's listserv email system which allows the Commission to communicate and distribute information through the email process. Subscribe to the Commission's Subscriber Mailing List
English as a Second Language (ESL)	ESL refers to the teaching of English to students for whom English is not their first language. See English Language Development (ELD).
English Language Development (ELD)	Instruction designed specifically for limited-English-proficient pupils to develop their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in English. This type of instruction is designed to help EL students acquire linguistic competencies similar to native English speakers. English Language Development is a program, not a subject, and therefore it cannot be “cored”. Education Code, §44253.2(a)
English Language Skills, including Reading	This terminology refers to comprehensive reading instruction that includes the systematic study of phonemic awareness, phonics and decoding; literature, language and comprehension; and diagnostic and early intervention techniques.
English Learner	English learners are students with a primary language other than English who have not yet attained full proficiency in English.
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)	This federal act focuses on narrowing the federal government’s role in education with a focus on more state control. This law upholds protections for America’s disadvantaged and high-need students, requires that all students be taught to high academic standards for success in college/careers, increases access to high-quality preschool, and maintains an expectation of accountability and action toward positive change in low performing schools. Every state develops their own state plan to comply with ESSA. California’s State Plan was adopted by the State Board of Education and defines an “ineffective teacher” as a teacher who is misassigned. CDE Every Student Succeeds Act webpage ESSA Compliance Questions: ESSA@cde.ca.gov
Exchange Credential	The governing board of any school district, with the consent of the employee, may be allowed to enter into an agreement with the proper authorities of any foreign country, state, territory, or possession of the United States, or with any other county within a state, to exchange and employ a regularly credentialed employee of the public schools of the other entity.
Expiration Date	The expiration date refers to the last day a document is valid.
Fee Date	The date the application is received and processed by the Commission's Cashiering Unit.
Fees	Fees are the charges paid by a credential candidate to apply for a credential document. Fees are not refundable.
Fieldwork Experience	Student participation in program activity which takes place in a K-12 setting, but during which the candidate does not assume responsibility for daily student teaching. These are experiences in a professional preparation program that expose credential candidates to a variety of instructional activities. These might include classrooms, resource rooms, and other settings where instructional activities occur. Candidates may participate in fieldwork before they have passed the basic skills test and have fulfilled the subject matter requirement.
Fifth Year of Study	A Fifth Year of Study is defined as course work consisting of a minimum of 30 post-baccalaureate semester units completed at a regionally-accredited college or university in a defined field of study designed to improve the teacher's competence and skills.
File Date	Agencies certified by the California Department of Education and colleges and universities accredited by the Commission may determine the issuance date of a credential or permit, with the proviso that all requirements, including fees, for the credential or permit must be met prior to the issuance date.
Foreign Transcript Evaluation	Individuals who have completed college or university course work at an institution outside of the United States must obtain a complete evaluation of their foreign transcripts, degrees, and other documents prior to submitting them to CTC for review if the course work is being used to meet credential requirements, even if the course work has been accepted by a college or university within the United States.
Foundational Computer Education	Required for Ryan and SB 2042 preliminary credential; beginning use of appropriately computer-based technology to facilitate the teaching and learning process; demonstrates knowledge of current basic computer hardware and software terminology and demonstrates competency in the operation and care of computer related hardware; demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the legal and ethical issues concerned with the use of technology; demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the appropriate use of computer-based technology for information collection, analysis and management in the instructional setting; and ability to select and evaluate a wide array of technologies for effective use in relation to the state-adopted academic curriculum.
Full-time Experience	Full-time teaching for credentialing purposes is defined as a minimum of 4 hours per day for at least 75% of a school year.
General (nonacademic) Subjects	The following are general subjects that may be listed on a Designated Subjects Adult Education Teaching Credential. Subjects that are technical or vocational, rather than liberal or classical, including, but not limited to the subjects contained within the following categories: Adults with Disabilities Career Technical Education Health and Safety Home Economics Older Adults Parent Education Personal Development Vocational Education Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80034 Refer to credential leaflet: CL-697B
General Education Limited Assignment Teaching Permit (GELAP)	The General Education Limited Assignment Teaching Permit (GELAP) may be issued at the request of an employing school district, county office of education, charter school or state agency to fill a staffing vacancy or need. They are issued for a one-year period and can be reissued in any one subject twice if the holder completes the renewal requirements and the employing agency requests the permit. Employing agencies are required to have a current Declaration of Need on file with the Commission before the permit can be issued. Individuals must hold a valid California general education teaching credential based on a baccalaureate degree and professional preparation program, including student teaching, have an assigned experienced educator in the subject area of the limited assignment if the applicant has not obtained permanent status, and consent to serve on the Limited Assignment Permit. See credential leaflet CL-828 for further details.
General Teaching Credentials	Originally issued under provisions of the law that existed prior to 1961. The Generals were issued as clear credentials and were therefore considered one-tier credentials. These credentials are no longer issued on an initial basis but renewals are issued to the holders. Some were issued for the life of the credential holder and need not be renewed. Also see Pre-Ryan Credentials.
Health Education	All teacher candidates are required to have preparation in the area of health education, including but not limited to training in CPR for infants, children, and adults, nutrition and the effects of alcohol, drug and tobacco abuse.
Highly Qualified Teacher	Defined by NCLB as a teacher that is fully credentialed and meets subject matter requirements.
Individual Induction Plan (IIP)	Participants in an approved induction program must have an induction plan that is developed cooperatively with the candidate and the support provider in order to guide the professional development of the beginning teacher during the induction period.
Individual Induction Program (IIP)	Each induction program provides comprehensive, extended preparation and professional development for participating teachers designed to support their attainment of the California Standards for the Teaching Profession (CSTP) in relation to the State-adopted academic content standards and performance levels for students and state-adopted curriculum frameworks. Professional growth is guided by the development and implementation of an annual Individual Induction Plan (IIP) and documented in the participants' professional teaching credential application. The IIP includes professional growth goals, outlines specific strategies for achieving those goals, including professional development activities and/or university courses; documents the participating teacher's progress in meeting the goals; and is monitored and revised at specified intervals as additional needs are identified.
Individualized Education Program (IEP)	A written statement for each child with a disability that is developed, reviewed, and revised in a meeting amongst the school’s special education team with input from the child’s parents. The document should include the student’s special education needs and the extent to which they will be able to participate in the general education program. The plan should also include accommodations, modifications and annual goals. Education Code, §56342 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) website
Individualized Internship Certificate (IIC)	District sponsored internship program as a cooperative effort between IHE, district and candidate. A college or university must develop an Individualized Teacher Preparation Plan (ITPP) with the applicant for an IIC within the first 90 days of employment. Terminated November 15, 2005. See Coded Correspondences 05-0018 and 05-0020.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)	The federal law that requires schools to serve the educational needs of eligible students with disabilities. Its primary goals are: To protect the rights of children with disabilities, to ensure these students have access to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE), that schools provide special education in the least restrictive environment, and To give parents a voice in their child’s education.
Induction Plan	Designed in cooperation with the beginning special educator, the employer, and the IHE, it is an agreement to include academic requirements and individualized studies and consultations to address the new teacher's specific needs during employment on the Preliminary Education Specialist Instruction Credential.
Induction Program	Induction is an integrated, standards-based system of support and assessment that provides an effective transition for first and second year educators in California. Preliminary credential holders in the public schools are required to participate in this two-year professional program of situated learning as a requirement for earning a clear credential. Individuals should contact their employing agency concerning enrollment in an induction program.
Industry Sector	The 15 authorized subjects for Career Technical Education Teaching Credential are designated in the CTE Model Curriculum Standards adopted the the State Board of Education. A CTE instructor may teach in any of the industry sectors for which they are authorized. Education Code, §44260.9 Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80035.5 Refer to credential leaflet: CL-888
Institution of Higher Education (IHE)	Colleges and universities. Commission-accredited IHEs have the Commission's approval to offer specific professional education and/or subject matter programs. Regionally-accredited IHEs have met the standards of a regional accrediting agency, such as Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).
Integrated Science	A course which integrates the four science disciplines using cross cutting concepts, including biological sciences, chemistry, physics, and geosciences.
Intern Programs	An intern program allows credential candidates who have a bachelor’s degree and subject matter competency to be employed in a classroom while completing a credential program. This type of program is a cooperative effort between a local school district or county office of education and an institution of higher education. Intern programs must be approved by the Commission prior to enrolling students and may not be available in all school districts. Intern programs may be offered by Multiple Subject, Single Subject, Education Specialist, Administrative Services, and School Psychology programs.
Interstate Agreement	An interstate agreement may be made between California and other states so that applicants who meet the interstate agreement are considered to have successfully completed the Commission's U.S. Constitution requirement. The interstate agreement does not clear any of the other California requirements.
Issuance Date	The issuance date of a credential refers to the date on which the credential becomes valid. This date is based upon either the completion date of a program when the educator is eligible for the credential as determined by a Commission-approved program sponsor, the date an educator begins to serve in a position as determined by the employing school agency, or the date the application is received by the Commission, also called the fee date.
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)	To the maximum extent appropriate, children with disabilities are educated with children who do not have disabilities. Removal of children with disabilities from the general education environment occurs only when the nature or severity of the disability of the child is such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) website
Level I and Level II Credentials	Level I and Level II Credentials were issued based on a two-tier structure of completing credential requirements used for the Education Specialist Instruction Teaching Credentials, Administrative Services Credentials, and the Designated Subjects Adult and Vocational Teaching Credentials. Level I credentials are now only initially issued to out-of-state prepared special education teachers.
Life Credentials	Life credentials are credentials that were issued for the life of the holder and do not require renewal. The Commission stopped issuing life credentials in 1985.
Live Scan Fingerprint	Live Scan is a process by which an individual's fingerprints are electronically scanned, the fingerprint information digitized, and the fingerprint images printed on a transmission that is electronically submitted to the Department of Justice.
Local Assignment Options (LAO)	Provisions within the Education Code and Title 5 Regulations that permit the governing board of a local educational agency to otherwise legally authorize a fully credentialed educator to serve in an assignment outside of the area authorized by their credential, if specified criteria is met. District policies vary for these options. The Commission has no authority over Local Assignment Options, as they are fully determined at the local level and may require governing board action as well as other requirements. Teacher consent is required for assigning an educator on a LAO. Common Local Assignment Options
Local Control and Accountability Plan (LCAP)	As a component of the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF), the LCAP is a tool that California local educational agencies use to set goals, plan actions, and leverage resources to meet those goals to improve student outcomes with specific activities to address state and local priorities. This three-year, district-level plan is updated annually and includes educator assignment data under Priority One. CDE Local Control and Accountability Plan Webpage
Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF)	The local control funding formula (LCFF) was enacted in 2013–14, and is California’s school funding and accountability system. For school districts and charter schools, the LCFF establishes base, supplemental, and concentration grants. For county offices of education (COEs), the LCFF establishes separate funding streams for oversight activities and instructional programs. CDE Local Control Funding Formula Webpage
Local Educational Agency (LEA)	An LEA is a local entity involved in education including but not limited to school districts, county offices of education, direct-funded charter schools, and special education local plan area (SELPA).
Middle School	A middle school is one which most frequently includes grades six through eight, but may have any combination of grades five through nine.
Misassignment	The placement of certificated staff in a teaching or services position for which the educator does not hold a legally recognized certificate, credential, permit, or waiver with an appropriate authorization for the assignment or is not otherwise legally authorized for the assignment under another section of statute or regulation. Vacancies are also considered misassignments. Education Code, §33126(5)(b)
Multiple Subject Assessment for Teachers (MSAT)	The MSAT was an examination used to demonstrate the candidate’s subject matter knowledge as required to hold a Multiple Subject Teaching Credential. For California Certification, the California Subject Examinations of Teachers (CSET) replaced the MSAT: Multiple Subjects beginning January 25, 2003. The last administration of the MSAT was June 28, 2003 as a part of the Phase I transition to the CSET program. Those test scores had to be used towards California certification within five years of the test date. Therefore, MSAT scores are no longer acceptable towards initial California certification.
Multiple Subject Teaching Credential	This credential authorizes teaching in a self-contained K-12 classroom. Self-contained classrooms are usually found at the elementary level. The credential also authorizes teaching in a core or team teaching setting. Core settings are found in middle school in grades five through eight and team teaching is usually found in elementary and middle schools. The holder has demonstrated the knowledge required to teach multiple subjects through successful completion of an approved teacher preparation program. See Credential Leaflets CL-561 and CL-561C for more information.
National Board Certification	The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is an independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. Experienced teachers may earn National Board Certification through a rigorous assessment of their teaching knowledge and performance.
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)	One of two nationally recognized accrediting bodies for teacher education. NCATE has an agreement with the Commission on Teacher Credentialing that allows institutions of higher education to participate in merged NCATE-CTC accreditation visits.
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)	The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 and expands on major reforms, particularly in the areas of state academic standards, assessment, accountability, and school improvement. The new federal law requires states to develop assessments linked to these standards for all students. The largest single program in NCLB is Title I, Part A, which provides local educational agencies (LEAs), or school districts, with additional resources to help improve instruction in high-poverty schools and ensure that poor and minority children have the same opportunity as other children to meet challenging State academic standards. NCLB sets out several key performance goals for states: All students will be taught by highly qualified teachers by the end of the 2005-06 school year All students will attain proficiency in reading and mathematics by 2014, including students with disabilities and English learners All English learners will become proficient in English All students will learn in schools that are safe and drug free All students will graduate from high school
Non-Public School (NPS) or Nonsectarian School or Agency (NPA)	A non-public or a nonsectarian school or agency is a private school licensed by the California Department of Education that receives public funding for specified programs and/or services.
Non-Special Education Pedagogy	Candidates for the for the Education Specialist Instruction Credential are required to have coursework in curriculum and instruction or methods for teaching elementary or secondary classroom subjects like math, science, social science, etc.
One-Year Nonrenewable Credential (OYNR)	This document can be requested by employers of out-of-state prepared applicants who have completed all requirements for the credential except passage of the CBEST. May be issued in the areas of Administrative Services, Clinical or Rehabilitative Services, and Library Media Services.
Ornate Credential Certificate	Ornate credential certificates were issued to educators receiving their initial professional clear credential. Printing of credential documents ceased September 1, 2008.
Out of state prepared teachers	Teachers prepared and credentialed outside of California may be eligible for a preliminary credential in California.
OYNR - One-Year Nonrenewable Credential	This document can be requested by employers of out-of-state prepared applicants who have completed all requirements for the credential except passage of the CBEST. This credential may be issued in the areas of Administrative Services, Clinical or Rehabilitative Services, and Library Media Services.
Paraprofessional Teacher Preparation Program	The California School Paraprofessional Teacher Training Program (PTTP) is a state-funded program of support for prospective public school teachers. Participation in the PTTP is restricted to those paraprofessionals (instructional aide, teacher aide) identified in Education Code Section 44392 who are currently employed in a school district or county office of education that has been awarded a PTTP grant.
Partial Credentials	A credential issued to individuals qualifying for Standard (Fisher) credentials who had completed a four-year program of elementary or secondary teacher preparation but still had academic requirements to meet before the clear (or full) credential could be issued. These credentials are no longer renewable; candidates must apply under current regulations.
Pending	A pending application is an application for a credential, certificate or permit that has been received by the Commission and is awaiting processing by Certification staff.
Praxis Examination Series	The Praxis Examinations are a series of examinations administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) which may be used to meet specific credentialing requirements.
Preconditions for Program Approval	Preconditions encompass state law and policies adopted by the Commission to implement statutes relating to the approval of teacher preparation and/or subject matter preparation programs. Institutions and program sponsors must meet all applicable Preconditions before the full program applications can be reviewed and approved.
Pre-Intern Program	The Pre-Intern program was established by legislation in 1997 in response to teacher shortages in California. Pre-Intern programs were phased out in 2004.
Preliminary Credentials	A Preliminary Credential is a teaching or service credential that is valid for five years. Preliminary credentials require the holder to complete a bachelor's degree, an approved educator preparation program, basic skills, subject matter competence, and additional specific requirements. Out-of-state prepared applicants may be issued a five-year preliminary credential. Additional academic requirements must be completed to qualify for the clear credential.
Preliminary Education Technology Test (PET)	The Preliminary Education Technology Test is an assessment used to demonstrate the use of technology at the foundational or basic level required for the Ryan Preliminary Multiple Subject and Single Subject Teaching Credentials. Individuals applying for a teaching credential based on private school experience may satisfy the foundational educational technology requirement with passage of the PET.
Prerequisite Credentials	A prerequisite credential is the document that an applicant must hold or qualify for in order to submit an application for a dependent credential. Some specialist and services credentials are dependent in that they require a prerequisite credential. The statutes or regulations for each dependent credential specify which credential(s) may serve as prerequisites.
Pre-Ryan Credentials	There are two types of Pre-Ryan Credentials-General and Standard (Fisher)General: Originally issued under provisions of the law that existed prior to 1961. The Generals were issued as clear and life credentials and were therefore considered to one-tier credentials. These credentials are no longer issued on an initial basis but renewals are issued to the holders of General Credentials.Standard (Fisher): Originally issued under the provisions of law (Fisher Act) beginning in 1961 and available to first-time applicants until September 15, 1974 and under certain conditions until 1976. The Standards wer issued under a two-tier system. Most individuals who qualified for their initial credential were issued a partial credential and, after completing additional requirements, were issued a clear (or full) credential. These credentials are no longer issued on an initial basis but renewals are issued to the holders of clear Standard Credentials.
Primary Disability Area	Each student with exceptional needs has their primary disability area identified in their IEP. The education specialist credential holder of record must hold that corresponding authorization on their credential, whether offering instruction or providing push-in or pull-out services. The primary disability may be listed as “multiple disabilities”. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80046.5, §80047 through §80047.9
Professional Clear Services Credential	The Professional Clear Services Credential is the document issued to individuals who qualified for their initial services clear credential after August 31, 1985. Holders of this credential had to verify completion of the professional growth requirements every five years to renew their credential. Beginning January 1, 2007, these are issued or reissued as clear credentials with no further renewal requirements.
Professional Clear Teaching Credential	The Professional Clear Teaching Credential is the document issued to individuals who qualified for either: 1) an initial Ryan Multiple or Single Subject clear basic teaching credential after August 31, 1985 and who verify completion of a fifth year of study, health education, special populations, and computer education requirements; or 2) an initial SB 2042 Multiple or Single Subject clear basic teaching credential and who verify completion of either an approved induction program or a fifth year of study and advanced course work in health education, special populations, and computer technology. Holders of this credential had to verify completion of the professional growth requirements every five years to renew their credential. Beginning January 1, 2007, these are issued or reissued as clear credentials with no further renewal requirements.
Professional Growth	The term “professional growth” refers to activities that contribute to a holder's competence, performance or effectiveness in the profession of education. Professional growth was a requirement for renewal of a professional clear teaching or services credential issued after August 31, 1985. With the implementation of Senate Bill 1209, signed by Governor Schwarzenegger September 28, 2006, professional growth requirements are no longer a prerequisite to renew clear credentials. Professional growth requirements must still be completed by individuals renewing Child Development Permits.
Professional Growth Advisor	A Professional Growth Advisor is a person designated to advise child development permit holders regarding their professional growth and development and to assist them in documenting completion of professional growth requirements. See the Professional Growth Manual for Child Development Permits on the CTC website for more information.
Professional Growth Manual	The Professional Growth Manual describes the professional growth activities needed to renew some child development permits. Manuals are available on the CTC website.
Professional Growth Plan and Record Form	The Professional Growth Plan and Record Form is the specific form that must be completed to verify completion of professional growth activities related to Child Development Permits.
Professional Service Requirement	The Professional Service Requirement refers to successful service in a certificated position or in another professional capacity rendered in subjects commonly taught in public schools for the equivalent of at least one-half of a school year during the five-year credential renewal cycle. Professional service was required to meet the professional growth requirement for credential renewal. With the implementation of Senate Bill 1209, signed by Governor Schwarzenegger September 28, 2006, professional growth requirements are no longer a prerequisite to renew clear teaching and services credentials.
Professional Teacher Preparation Program	A Professional Teacher Preparation Program is a program that includes a planned set of pedagogical courses and supervised teaching experiences that meets the Commission's adopted program standards and that has been accredited by the CTC. There are two types of Professional Teacher Preparation: those that include supervised student teaching and those that include intern teaching.
Program Coordinator	A position that entails developing, directing, implemention, and coordination of programs designed to improve instruction and enhance student learning. Requires an Administrative Services credential, but may be a credentialed teacher if serving on a Local Assignment Option. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80020.4.1(a)
Program Sponsor	A program sponsor is an institution or agency that operates an accredited teacher preparation program or induction program, and/or an approved elementary or secondary subject matter preparation program.
Pull-out Services	Special education services which typically occur in a setting outside of the general education classroom.
Pupil Personnel Services Credential	A services credential authorizing and individual to function in the following areas in the California public schools: School Psychology, School Counseling, School Social Work and Child Welfare and Attendance.
Push-in Services	Special education services in which the educator brings the instruction and required materials to the student in their general education classroom.
Reading Instruction Competence Assessment (RICA)	The RICA examination tested Multiple Subject Teaching Credential and Education Specialist Instruction Credential candidates' competence in the teaching of reading. Passage of the RICA was required for the initial issuance of Multiple Subject Teaching Credentials issued on or after October 1, 1998 for California-prepared candidates and for initial issuance of Education Specialist Instruction Credentials issued after January 1, 2000. The Reading Instruction Competence Assessment (RICA) retired on October 31, 2025, and is no longer being offered.
Reading Literacy Added Authorization (formerly Reading Certificate)	Effective November 24, 1997, the Reading Certificate authorizes the holder to assess student reading and to provide instruction in response to the assessment. The holder is also authorized to develop, implement, and adapt the reading and content curriculum, and to assist classroom teachers in these areas. These services may be performed at one or more school sites at the grade level authorized by the holder’s prerequisite credential. Effective April 1, 2016, this document is now issued as the Reading Literacy Added Authorization.
Regional Occupational Centers and Programs (ROCPs)	California's 73 Regional Occupational Centers and Programs (ROCPs) provide high school students 16 years of age and older, and also adult students, with valuable career and technical education. In addition to the specific skills and comprehensive career education offered, ROCPs also offer employment survival skills in many aspects of a particular industry sector, placement assistance, counseling and guidance services and other critical support services for students. Each ROCP falls under one of three distinct organizational structures: (1) school districts participating in a county office of education operated ROCP; (2) school districts participating under a joint powers agreement; or (3) a single school district. ROCPs in California collaborate with public agencies and associations to create and implement important instructional classes and programs. Holders of Designated Subjects Career Technical Education or Vocational Credentials may teach in the ROCP program.
Regrouping	When two or more teachers who teach in self-contained classrooms group their students generally by learning level for one or more subjects. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80003
Regulations	Regulation means every rule, regulation, order, or standard of general application or the amendment, supplement, or revision of any rule, regulation, order or standard adopted by any state agency to implement, interpret, or make specific the law enforced or administered by it, or to govern its procedure. Additions or amendments to regulations must be approved by the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) before they can take effect.
Resource Teacher	A credentialed teacher who provides instruction and services to students with individualized education programs (IEP) that are with general education teachers for the majority of the school day. Resource teachers coordinate special education services with general education programs for his or her students.
Ryan Teaching Credentials	Ryan Teaching Credentials are issued under the provisions of the Teacher Preparation and Licensing Law of 1970 (The Ryan Act), its subsequent amendments and additions, including the Bergeson Act of 1988, and other laws and regulations currently in effect. The Ryan Credentials are issued under a two-tier system. Normally, individuals who qualify for their initial credential are issued a preliminary credential. After completing additional requirements, individuals receive a clear credential. Ryan teaching credentials were replaced with the SB 2042 Multiple Subject and Single Subject credentials beginning in 2003. The final issuance date for an initial Ryan Preliminary Multiple or Single Subject Teaching Credential for California prepared teachers was January 1, 2012. The sunset date includes all routes for an extension by appeal. The final issuance date for an initial Ryan Clear Multiple or Single Subject Teaching Credential for California, out-of-state and out-of-country prepared teachers is January 1, 2018.
SB 1422	Senate Bill (SB) 1422 required the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing to to convene a 24-member advisory panel to review and make recommendations regarding the requirements for earning and renewing a teaching credential. Senate Bill 2042, which makes a variety of changes to the laws governing the qualifications and processes for obtaining a California teaching credential, was the result of that requirement.
SB 1969 (Hughes)	Enacted in 1994, SB 1969 established an alternative route for permanent teachers to be qualified to be assigned to teach English learners. Teachers who completed training and passed an assessment were issued Certificates of Completion by school districts and county offices of education. The last date a district or county could issue a Certificate of Completion was January 1, 2003. the last date to submit an SB 1969 Certificate of Completion to CTC for registration was June 30, 2003.
SB 2042 Credential	The term SB 2042 Credential is used for multiple subject and single subject credentials issued under the statutes of Senate Bill 2042 (Alpert/Mazzoni), beginning in 2003. An SB 2042 credential may only be initially issued as a preliminary credential, and holders must complete additional requirements (including induction where available) to qualify for the clear credential.
SB 395 (Hughes)	Effective January 1, 2000, this legislation requires the Commission to issue a certificate based on the completion of staff development that authorizes the holder to teach English language development (ELD) and/or specially designed academic instruction delivered in English (SDAIE) to English learners. This modified and extended SB 1969 until January 1, 2005. AB 2913 subsequently extended these provisions until January 1, 2008.
SB 57	This bill required the Commission to waive components of credential program requirements for individuals who meet specific criteria based on having completed years of private school teaching experience. This bill also authorized a teaching intern to choose an early program completion option if the intern passes certain assessments and meets the requirements for teacher fitness as determined by the Commission.
School Age Emphasis	Expands the Child Development Permit holder’s authorization to include providing services in the care, development, and instruction of children in before-school, after-school, and other school-age child care programs. To earn this authorization, the permit holder must have completed coursework relating to children and youths from birth to age 14. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80105 Refer to credential leaflet: CL-797
School Leaders Licensure Assessment (SLLA)	Senate Bill 1655 (Scott), effective August 16, 2002, established alternative methods for meeting the requirements of the preliminary levels of the Administrative Services Credential, including examination alternatives. The School Leaders Licensure Assessment (SLLA) was the preliminary Administrative Services examination alternative adopted by the Commission. This six-hour written assessment is administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and was offered three times each year. The last administration of the SLLA #1010 was February 26, 2011. The SLLA has been replaced by The California Preliminary Administrative Credential Examination (CPACE). Since passing test scores for the SLLA were valid to obtain certification for five years, this examination may no longer be used to obtain the preliminary credential.
Secondary Disability Area	An additional disability area as identified in the student’s IEP.
Self-Contained Classroom	A self-contained classroom is one in which the same group of students are taught multiple subjects by one educator throughout the day. This setting is usually found at the elementary level, but can be utilized in other grade levels. Self-contained classrooms are authorized by a Multiple Subject teaching credential. Education Code, §44258.1
Service Provider	An individual who provides special education, speech-language, or health services at a school site or Local Educational Agency (LEA).
Services Credential	A credential that authorizes an individual to provide services in the California public schools. Some services credentials require an individual also hold a basic teaching credential. See the requirements for the specific credential type for more details. Services Credential Programs include Administrative Services, Pupil Personnel Services, School Nurse Services, Clinical and Rehabilitative Services, and Speech Language Pathology.
Short Term Waiver	A short term waiver may be approved at the local level to provide the employing agency with one semester or less to address unanticipated, immediate, short-term organizational needs by assigning individuals who hold basic teaching credentials to teach outside their credentialed authorizations, with the consent of the teacher. A short term waiver may be issued once to any individual teacher and only once for a given class.
Single District County	County in which a single school district operates. There are seven single district counties in California, in which the Commission acts as the Monitoring Authority for assignment monitoring purposes. Single District Counties include: Alpine, Amador, Del Norte, Mariposa, Plumas, Sierra, and the City and County of San Francisco. Education Code, §44258.9(b)(3)
Single Subject Assessments for Teachers (SSAT)	The Single Subject Assessments for Teaching (SSAT) is a series of standardized multiple choice and constructed response examinations by which single subject credential candidates may demonstrate their subject matter competency as an alternative to completion of a university-based undergraduate subject matter program. The SSAT exams were replaced by the California Subject Examinations for Teachers (CSET) in a series of three phases, beginning in June 2003 with the last administration of the third phase in May 2005. See Coded Correspondence 02-0008 [PDF]. Those test scores had to be used towards California certification within five years of the test date. Therefore, SSAT exam scores are no longer acceptable towards initial California certification.
Single Subject Teaching Credential	A single subject teaching credential authorizes teaching a specific subject in a departmentalized K-12 classroom, typically at the middle or secondary level.
Sojourn Certificated Employee Teaching Credential	A Sojourn Credential is a teaching credential issued to bilingual teachers trained outside the United States, typically in a country in which English is not the primary language. This credential authorizes the holder to provide bilingual instruction in the subject or area listed on the credential, foreign language instruction in the target language named on the credential, and instruction in cultural enrichment. Candidates must pass CBEST within the first year they hold the credential.
Special Education	A special education classroom setting may have one or more subjects taught to students who have been identified as needing special education (and related) services. Instruction may be provided in any subject area, but only to students who have been identified as needing services in the primary disability area indicated by the instructor’s credential. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80046.5
Special Education Limited Assignment Teaching Permit (SELAP)	The Special Education Limited Assignment Teaching Permit (SELAP) may be issued at the request of an employing school district, county office of education, charter school or state agency to fill a staffing vacancy or need. They are issued for a one-year period and can be reissued in any one special education specialization area twice if the holder completes the renewal requirements and the employing agency requests the permit. Employing agencies are required to have a current Declaration of Need on file with the Commission before the permit can be issued. Individuals must hold a valid California special education teaching credential based on a baccalaureate degree and professional preparation program, including student teaching, have an assigned experienced educator in the specialization area of the limited assignment if the applicant has not obtained permanent status, and consent to serve on the Special Education Limited Assignment Teaching Permit. See credential leaflet CL-889 for further details.
Special Education Local Plan Area (SELPA)	A SELPA is a school district, county office of education, or a group of school districts and county offices of education that enter into contractual agreements for services relating to the education of individuals with special needs.
Special Populations	The term 'special populations' refers to students with disabilities, students on behavior plans, and gifted and talented students in the general education classroom. Teachers of special populations students must demonstrate knowledge of the role of the general education teacher in the special education process, basic skills in the use of differentiated instructional strategies that, to the degree possible, ensure that all students have access to the core curriculum, and the ability to create a positive, inclusive climate of instruction for all special populations in the general classroom.
Special Subjects	A Designated Subjects Special Subjects teaching credential authorizes a special designated subject which is not represented in the industry sectors. May include, but is not limited to driver education and training and military science such as ROTC. Education Code, §44260.4 Refer to credential leaflet: CL-699
Specialist Teaching Credential	An additional authorization that one may earn after holding a basic teaching credential, such as MS, SS or Ed Sp. For example, an Adapted Physical Education Specialist Teaching Credential may be earned by an individual that holds either a Multiple Subjects or Physical Education Single Subject Teaching Credential. Specialist Teaching Credentials may also be earned in agriculture, early childhood special education, reading/language arts, health, or mathematics.
Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English (SDAIE)	An instructional approach designed to increase the level of comprehensibility of the English language within the content area of the class. The specially designed content instruction in subject matter, such as math or social science, is presented in English to English learners in classes which are restricted to instruction in the subject area and grade level of the prerequisite credential or permit (as applicable). Education Code, §44253.2
Staff Developer	Individual that mentors or coaches teachers in developing curriculum, or skills. Requires an Administrative services credential, but may be a credentialed teacher if serving on a Local Assignment Option. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80020.4
Standard Credentials	Originally issued under the provisions of law (Fisher Act) beginning in 1961 and available to first-time applicants until September 15, 1974 and under certain conditions until 1976. The Standards wer issued under a two-tier system. Most individuals who qualified for their initial credential were issued a partial credential and, after completing additional requirements, were issued a clear (or full) credential. These credentials are no longer issued on an initial basis but renewals are issued to the holders of clear Standard Credentials. Also see Pre-Ryan Credentials.
Standards	Commission adopts program standards for each type of credential program. The State Board of Education adopts K-12 student academic content standards to define what students should know and be able to do. Also can refer to the California Standards for the Teaching Profession (CSTP).
State Educational Agency (SEA)	The agency primarily responsible for the state supervision of public elementary schools and secondary schools. The State Board of Education is the SEA for federally funded education programs, including the ESSA.
State Licensing Match System (SLMS)	The SLMS is a Department of Social Services program that prevents any absent parent who fails to pay court-ordered child support from receiving either initial issuance or renewal of a business or professional license or credential for longer than 150 days without first paying, or making an agreement to pay, the court-ordered child support.
Statuatory requirements	Laws passed by the State Legislature and signed into law by the Governor as additions or amendments to California Education Code.
Stipulations	Conditions or requirements specified resulting from the review of an institution seeking accreditation for an educator preparation program.
Student Teaching	Student teaching encompasses experiences within a professional teacher preparation program that provide credential candidates with a variety of instructional activities within the school setting. Student teaching must include a specified period of time during which the candidate has whole-class instructional responsibility.
Subject Matter Authorizations	A Specific Subject Matter Authorization authorizes the holder to teach the specific subject in grades preschool, K-12, and classes organized primarily for adults. An Introductory Subject Matter Authorization authorizes the holder to teach the subject matter content typically included in curriculum guidelines and textbooks approved for study in grades 9 and below. Either authorization requires the credentialed teacher to have either a degree major a specific number of units in the subject or a subject directly related to the subject to be listed on the credential.
Subject Matter Competence	Candidates for a teaching credential are required by statute to demonstrate knowledge of subject matter either by completing a program of subject matter study that meets standards of program quality adopted by the Commission or by passing a subject matter examination adopted by the Commission. Multiple subjects credential candidates are required to pass a subject matter examination; single subject credential candidates may complete either a subject matter examination or a Commission-approved subject matter program to fulfill this requirement.
Subject Matter Examination	A subject matter examination is a comprehensive test of subject matter knowledge that has been approved by the CTC.
Subject Matter Program (Undergraduate Subject Matter Program)	One of the two methods that a prospective multiple subject or single subject teacher may satisfy the subject matter requirement. The college or university submits a program that must meet the appropriate, adopted subject matter standards.
Subject matter requirements (SMR)	Subject matter requirements define the content requirements for approved undergraduate subject matter preparation programs. The SMRs are aligned to the K-12 academic content standards adopted by the State Board of Education.
Submission Deadline	Title 5 Regulation Section 80440 (b) and (c) establish that a candidate’s application must be received by the Commission within three months after the issuance date of the credential. If the application is received after the three-month time limit the date of issuance for the credential will become the fee date, which is the date the application was received by the Commission.
Substitute Permit	Permits that allow educators to serve as a substitute teacher in classrooms that have a teacher of record. Educators that hold a valid document issued based on completion of a bachelor’s degree and the basic skills requirement are authorized to serve as day-to-day substitutes without holding a separate substitute permit. Substitute teachers have limitations regarding how long they are able to serve in a substitute capacity in a school year for any one teacher of record. Refer to credential leaflets: CL-505P, CL-505D, CL-505B, CL-786
Subsumed Subject	The more specific subject content areas that may be authorized within a ‘broad subject area’. For example, the subsumed subjects within the broad subject area of English include literature, speech, etc. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80005
Summative annual performance evaluations (for out-of-state prepared teachers)	An out-of-state prepared teacher may apply to transfer their credential to California via Route 2. This route requires a professional-level teaching license in another state and verification of two or more years of full-time, out-of-state teaching experience. In addition to a letter verifying the years of teaching experience, two summative annual performance evaluations are also required. The two evaluations must be satisfactory or better and coincide with two years of verified service on your experience verification letter. Photocopies of the evaluations are acceptable, and they do not need signatures. Informal classroom observations are not accepted to meet this requirement because they are not considered to be summative year-end evaluations. Avoid sending observations that took place on one day for a short amount of time, and instead only send in evaluations that encompass the year’s performance, which are typically completed during the months of April, May, or June. If summative evaluations aren't available, you may submit a supplemental evaluation letter instead. This letter must be on the school or district letterhead completed by an administrator, signed with an original signature which must be either ‘wet ink’ or an acceptable electronic signature. The letter must verify that you have satisfactorily met these four professional teaching standards. The use of teaching strategies that motivate all students to engage in the learning process. The ability to establish and maintain high standards for student behavior. A demonstration of deep knowledge of the subject being taught and the use of appropriate instructional strategies that promote student understanding. An ability to plan and implement a sequence of appropriate instructional activities.
Supervised Field Experience in General Education	Candidates for the Level I Education Specialist Instruction Credential must have experience with general, non-special education students. This requirement can be satisfied by completing one semester unit through a college or university, or by completing 45 clock hours as verified by an employer.
Supplementary Authorizations	Supplementary authorizations are subjects added to Multiple Subject, Standard Elementary, Single Subject, Standard Secondary, and some Special Secondary Teaching Credentials on the basis of the successful completion of 20 semester units (or 10 upper division or graduate units) in the subject. Single Subject and Special Secondary Teaching Credentials with Supplementary Authorizations: Introductory Subjects: These subjects authorize the holder to teach only the subject matter content typically included for that subject in curriculum guidelines and textbooks for study in grades 9 and below. Specific Subjects: These subjects authorize the holder to teach the specific subject at any grade level (preschool, kindergarten, grades 1-12, and classes organized primarily for adults). Multiple Subject and Standard Elementary Teaching Credentials: These credentials authorize the holder to teach departmentalized classes related to the supplementary authorization in grades 9 and below.
Teacher Credential Service Improvement Project (TCSIP)	A three phase technology project to improve services related to credentialing in California.
Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC)	One of two nationally recognized accrediting bodies for teacher education. The Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), founded in 1997, is a nonprofit organization dedicated to improving academic degree programs for professional educators, those who will teach and lead in schools, pre-K through grade 12. TEAC's goal is to support the preparation of competent, caring, and qualified professional educators. TEAC's primary work is accrediting undergraduate and graduate professional education programs in order to assure the public about the quality of college and university programs. The education program, not the college, school, department or other administrative unit of the institution, receives TEAC accreditation.
Teacher of Record	A single designated appropriately certificated permanent teacher contractually responsible for the instruction of the pupils in the classroom and the maintenance of the school record/register as defined in Education Code section 44809. Substitutes cannot act as teachers of record. Education Code, §44809
Teacher on Special Assignment (TOSA)	A teacher who is serving in a capacity outside of day-to-day instruction. The duties required for a position will drive the need for a TOSA. This may require a Local Assignment Option (LAO).
Teaching Credential	A credential that authorizes an individual to teach in the California public schools. Each credential authorization specifies the subject matter and settings where the individual is eligible to teach.
Teaching Foundations Examination (TFE)	The TFE was a written exam administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) that allowed individuals to demonstrate their knowledge of basic teaching foundations to satisfy the required education courses in a teacher preparation program. The last administration of the TFE was July 2013. Passing examination scores must be used for certification purposes within five years of the individual test date.
Teaching Performance Assessment (TPA)	The TPA is a performance-based assessment based on the Teaching Performance Expectations that all multiple subject and single subject teacher candidates are required to pass in order to qualify for an SB 2042 preliminary teaching credential.
Teaching Performance Expectations (TPEs)	The Teaching Performance Expectations represent the range of knowledge, skills and abilities that beginning teachers should know and be able to demonstrate. Teaching performance expectations describe teaching tasks that fall into six broad domains: Making subject matter comprehensible to students Assessing student learning Engaging and supporting students in learning Planning instruction and designing learning experiences for students Creating and maintaining effective environments for student learning Developing as a professional educator
Team Teaching	When two teachers of the same grade level teaching in self-contained classrooms for the majority of the day exchange students for the purpose of teaching specific subjects. Title 5, California Code of Regulations, §80003
Temporary County Certificate (TCC)	A TCC is a temporary certificate issued by the employing county office of education that authorizes employment and/or salary payment to employees whose credential applications are being processed by the Commission.
Term of a Credential	The term of a credential represents the period of validity of a credential, and is determined by the requirements the applicant has met (e.g., a preliminary credential is valid for a term of five years).
Title 5	The term 'Title 5' refers to specific sections of the California Administrative Code of Regulations pertaining to education. The purpose of Title 5 regulations is to implement the California Education Code.
Title II	Title II of the 1998 federal Higher Education Reauthorization Act contains many provisions affecting higher education including federal grant programs that support efforts to improve the recruitment, preparation, and support of new teachers. In addition, Title II also mandated certain reporting requirements for institutions and states on teacher preparation and licensing. The intent of Congress was that the programs and requirements of Title II would provide incentives for improving teacher preparation systems and provide for greater accountability for ensuring teacher quality.
Travel Expense Claim (TEC)	Volunteers that work with the Commission submit TECs to receive reimbursement for travel and per diem costs associated with the Commission work.
University Intern Credential Program - see also Intern Program	A University Intern Program is a Commission-approved program of professional teacher preparation (Multiple subject, Single Subject or Education Specialist) developed and implemented by a regionally accredited college or university. The program is a cooperative effort between a school district and an institution of higher education. Intern programs must be approved by the Commission prior to enrolling students and may not be available in all school districts. The program allows credential candidates to be employed while completing a credential program. More information can be found in the Interns section of the CIG. A complete list of institutions with intern programs is available on the program sponsors dashboard found in the CIG.
Vacant Position	A position to which a single-designated certificated employee has not been assigned at the beginning of the year or, if the position is for a one-semester course, a position to which a single-designated certificated employee has not been assigned at the beginning of a semester. Assignments which are vacant or which have a substitute assigned as of census date will be considered an exception, or potential misassignment. Education Code, §44258.9
Validation of Service Without a Credential (M12A)	The M12A process allows an individual who is fully qualified for a credential but who inadvertently fails to apply for the credential or who allows the credential to lapse to be employed in a position requiring the credential. The employing agency must not have issued a Temporary County Certificate (TCC) and must file the M12A on behalf of the individual.
Verification letter of two or more years of teaching experience (for out-of-state prepared teachers)	An out-of-state prepared teacher may apply to transfer their credential to California via Route 2. This route requires a professional-level teaching license in another state and verification of two or more years of full-time, out-of-state teaching experience. The verification of experience must be an original letter (photocopies not accepted) written by your out-of-state employer that verifies your years of service. To qualify, we only need to verify a minimum of two years of full-time teaching experience. The letter must be on official letterhead from the school or school district, and it must state that the experience was full-time or show that full time hours were completed. Additionally, it must show the beginning and ending dates of hire and be signed by the Superintendent, Assistant Superintendent, or HR personnel. The signature must be either be ‘wet ink’ or an acceptable electronic signature. HR forms with original signatures may also be accepted in lieu of a letter as long as they meet all the requirements mentioned above. In addition to the letter verifying experience, two summative annual performance evaluations are also required.
Volunteer	An educator (K-12 or IHE) that works with the Commission on a panel, committee, or team. The Commission reimburses the volunteer for travel, per diem and if needed, a K-12 substitute.
Waivers	Effective July 1, 1994, the responsibility to waive credentials and credential requirements shifted from the California Department of Education (CDE) to CCTC under the authority of EC 44225(m). There are two types of waivers authorized by regulations. Short Term Waiver: Short-term waivers may be approved at the local level to provide the employing agency with one semester or less to address unanticipated, immediate, short-term organizational needs by assigning only individuals who hold basic teaching credentials to teach outside their credentialed authorizations, with the consent of the teacher. They may be issued once to any individual teacher and only once for a given class. Variable Term Waiver: Variable term waivers are waiver requests that are reviewed by Commission staff and acted upon by the Commission at a regularly scheduled meeting. This waiver provides the employing agency up to one year to: 1) allow individuals additional time to complete a credential requirement, 2) facilitate assignment in school programs to address issues of educational reform, 3) allow geographically isolated regions with severely limited ability time to hire and develop personnel, or 4) obtain waivers for situations when all other hiring efforts have been exhausted.
Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC)	One of six regional accrediting bodies. WASC - The Western Association of Schools and Colleges is a non-profit corporation encompassing three accrediting commissions. Accrediting Commission for Schools. Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges. Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities.
Wheel Course	Wheel courses may be referred to as Exploratory, Wheel, Enrichment, Activity, or Introductory classes which may be offered by some middle and elementary schools. Educators teach several subjects during a one- or two-semester course, thereby offering the students an opportunity to explore topics that they may wish to take at the high school level. The content of these classes in General Education typically involves electives that do not fall in one or more of the broad subject areas, and may not include Career Technical Education (CTE) survey content. CTE exploratory courses often provide a survey of either multiple industry sectors or multiple pathways within one industry sector.
Williams Lawsuit	A class action lawsuit filed in 2000 alleging that agencies failed to provide public school students with equal access to instructional materials, safe and decent school facilities, and qualified teachers. As a result of the Williams case, California Department of Education changed the School Accountability Report Card to help all schools report the overall condition of their facilities, the number of teacher misassignments, and the availability of textbooks or instructional materials.

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